根据不同的哲学,生命的不同意义

作者: 郑振佑博士(Dr. Paul Jeong, MCC, MMC)
发布于: 2023-06-14 00:00
阅读: 82

根据不同的哲学,生命的不同意义:

  • 哲学中的生命意义:客观的、主观的、没有意义的、超自然的/无法解释的。
    - 东方与西方:社区与个人的观点。
    - 意识形态、宗教、哲学:截然不同却又经常混淆。
    - 哲学的演变: 上帝->社区->个人->人类。
    - 自然泛神论: 上帝就是一切,和谐地生活。
    - 有神论: 上帝/超然的存在规定了生命的意义。
    - 道德主义: 通过无为的行动发现生命的意义,"道"。
    - 决定论: 生命的意义是预先确定的,不可改变的。
    - 儒家思想: 培养利他主义的美德,仁。
    - 墨家思想: 包容性的爱和有益的行为。
    - 孤独主义: 生命的意义只为自己的头脑所知。
    - 犬儒主义: 通过自给自足、头脑清醒来实现幸福。
    - 享乐主义: 寻求快乐,避免痛苦。
    - 柏拉图主义: 追求知识,理解抽象的 "纯粹形式"。
    - 中国的法律主义: 获得技能,为国家作出贡献,造福社会。
    - 伊壁鸠鲁主义: 实现可持续的快乐、安宁、无畏。
    - 安静主义: 避免语言上的混乱,提问无意义。
    - 亚里士多德主义: 德行是人生的目标。
    - 斯多葛主义: 通过智慧摆脱欲望和恐惧。
    - 人文主义:人的命运掌握在人的手中。
    - 主观主义: 个人的目标决定了生命的意义。
    - 自由主义: 不经允许自由选择,保护自由。
    - 康德主义: 遵循普遍原则,履行职责。
    - 虚无主义: 生活没有内在的意义。
    - 实用主义: 寻求对生活的有益理解。
    - 逻辑经验主义: 从可观察的事实中得出意义。
    - 存在主义: 界定个人价值,据此行事。
    - 荒谬主义: 寻求意义是一项徒劳的任务。

但根据教练哲学,什么是生命的意义?

虽然教练可能对生命的意义有个人的信念,但ICF的教练方法是以客户为中心的。教练不会把自己的哲学强加给客户。相反,他们帮助客户定义他们自己的目标、价值和生活的意义。他们引导客户找到他们自己的答案,创造他们自己的生活道路。实质上,从ICF教练的角度来看,生命的意义是每个人自己去发现和定义的深层次个人问题。教练提供工具和支持来帮助客户完成这一过程。

 

根据不同的哲学提出不同的问题:

1. 客观的意义: 如果你的人生目标是预先确定的呢?
2. 主观意义: 如果只有你能赋予你的生活意义,你的行动会有什么变化?
3. 超自然的: 会不会有无法解释的力量支配着你的人生道路?
4. 个人与社会: 在社区的期望之外,你是谁?
5. 意识形态vs宗教vs哲学: 你的核心信仰是信仰、政治意识形态还是哲学思想的产物?
6. 自然泛神论: 如果你在所有的存在中看到上帝,生活会有什么变化?
7. 有神论: 如果上帝给你一个特定的目的,你会感到满足吗?
8. 道教: 你能通过非行动来拥抱行动吗?
9. 决定论: 如果你的整个人生旅程是预先注定的呢?
10. 儒家思想:培养利他主义会如何改变你的交往?
11. 墨家思想: 包容的爱将如何塑造你的世界观?
12. 孤独主义:你的感知如何塑造你的现实?
13. 愤世嫉俗主义: 自给自足能给你带来幸福吗?
14. 享乐主义:最大化的快乐和最小化的痛苦会如何改变你的生活?
15. 柏拉图主义:对纯粹知识的追求会如何改变你的生活?
16. 中国法制主义:你如何为社会做出更大的贡献?
17. 伊壁鸠鲁主义: 你能在宁静和无畏中找到持久的快乐吗?
18. 宁静主义: 你在问什么问题,可能没有任何意义?
19. 亚里士多德主义:把美德作为你的首要目标会如何影响你的选择?
20. 斯多葛主义: 智慧能使你摆脱欲望和恐惧吗?
21. 人文主义:你怎样才能把命运掌握在自己手中?
22. 主观主义: 哪些个人目标可以给你的生活带来目的?
23. 自由主义: 如果你有完全的自由,你会做什么?
24. 康德主义: 你觉得自己有义务履行哪些普遍义务?
25. 虚无主义:如果生命没有内在的意义,你会怎样生活?
26. 实用主义: 对生命的哪种理解对你最有用?
27. 逻辑经验主义: 你如何从你的可观察的事实中获得意义?
28. 存在主义: 你会根据什么个人价值行事?
29. 荒诞主义: 如果对意义的追求是徒劳的,你将如何生活?

 

根据教练哲学的不同问题,根据你的经验回答以下问题:

  • 你对生命的意义的个人定义是什么?
  • 什么对我真正重要?
  • 我的人生目标是什么?
  • 我害怕追求什么梦想?
  • 什么假设限制了我?
  • 什么价值观定义了我?
  • 我想产生什么影响?
  • 什么变化可以改变我的生活?
  • 是什么阻止了我前进的步伐?
  • 我才能在我的生活中更有存在感?
  • 今天我可以采取什么措施来实现我的目标?
  • 我怎样才能把失败变成教训?
  • 我的生活与我的价值观一致吗?
  • 我今天可以面对的恐惧是什么?
  • 成功对我来说是什么样子的?
  • 有什么习惯可以改善我的生活?
  • 我怎样才能创造一个更充实的生活?
  • 为了成长,我可以放下什么?
  • 我需要原谅自己的什么?
  • 我怎样才能更好地听从我的直觉?
  • 我是否忠于自己?

 

Different Meanings of Life according to Different Philosophy

- Life's meaning in philosophies: objective, subjective, no meaning, supernatural/unexplainable.
- East vs. West: community vs. individual perspective.
- Ideologies, religions, philosophies: distinct yet often confused.
- Philosophy evolution: God -> community -> individual -> humanity.
- Natural Pantheism: God is everything, live harmoniously.
- Theism: God/Superior Being prescribes life's meaning.
- Daoism: Discover life's meaning through actionless action, "the way".
- Determinism: Life's meaning pre-determined, unchangeable.
- Confucianism: Nurture altruistic virtue, Ren.
- Mohism: Inclusive love and beneficial behavior.
- Solipsism: Life's meaning known to own mind only.
- Cynicism: Achieve happiness via self-sufficiency, mental clarity.
- Hedonism: Seek pleasure, avoid suffering.
- Platonism: Pursue knowledge, understand abstract "pure forms".
- Chinese Legalism: Acquire skills, contribute to state, benefit society.
- Epicureanism: Achieve sustainable pleasure, tranquility, fearlessness.
- Quietism: Avoid linguistic confusion, question meaningless.
- Aristotelianism: Virtue is life's goal.
- Stoicism: Be free of desire and fear through wisdom.
- Humanism: Human fate in human hands.
- Subjectivism: Individual goals dictate life's meaning.
- Liberalism: Freedom to choose without permission, protect liberties.
- Kantianism: Follow universal principles, fulfill duties.
- Nihilism: No inherent meaning to life.
- Pragmatism: Seek useful understanding of life.
- Logical Empiricism: Derive meaning from observable facts.
- Existentialism: Define personal values, act accordingly.
- Absurdism: Seeking meaning is a futile task.

But what is the Meaning of Life according to Coaching Philosophy?

While a coach may have personal beliefs about the meaning of life, the ICF Coaching approach is client-centered. Coaches do not impose their own philosophies on clients. Instead, they help clients to define their own goals, values, and meaning in life. They guide clients to find their own answers and create their own life path. In essence, from an ICF coaching perspective, the meaning of life is a deeply personal matter for each individual to discover and define for themselves. Coaches provide tools and support to assist clients in this process.

 

Different Questions According to Different Philosophy

  1. Objective meaning: What if your life purpose was pre-determined?
    2. Subjective meaning: How would your actions change if only you can give your life meaning?
    3. Supernatural: Could there be unexplainable forces dictating your life's path?
    4. Individual vs Community: Who are you beyond your community's expectations?
    5. Ideology vs Religion vs Philosophy: Are your core beliefs a product of faith, political ideology, or philosophical thought?
    6. Natural Pantheism: How would life change if you saw God in all existence?
    7. Theism: If God gave you a specific purpose, would you be content?
    8. Daoism: Can you embrace action through non-action?
    9. Determinism: What if your entire life's journey is pre-destined?
    10. Confucianism: How would nurturing altruism change your interactions?
    11. Mohism: How would inclusive love shape your worldview?
    12. Solipsism: How does your perception shape your reality?
    13. Cynicism: Could self-sufficiency bring you happiness?
    14. Hedonism: How would maximizing pleasure and minimizing suffering change your life?
    15. Platonism: How might the pursuit of pure knowledge transform your life?
    16. Chinese Legalism: How can you contribute more to society?
    17. Epicureanism: Can you find lasting pleasure in tranquility and fearlessness?
    18. Quietism: What questions are you asking that might have no meaning?
    19. Aristotelianism: How would making virtue your primary goal affect your choices?
    20. Stoicism: Can wisdom free you from your desires and fears?
    21. Humanism: How can you put your fate into your own hands?
    22. Subjectivism: What personal goals can give your life purpose?
    23. Liberalism: What would you do if you had complete freedom?
    24. Kantianism: What universal duties do you feel obliged to fulfill?
    25. Nihilism: How would you live if life has no inherent meaning?
    26. Pragmatism: What understanding of life would be most useful to you?
    27. Logical Empiricism: How can you derive meaning from your observable facts?
    28. Existentialism: What personal values would you act upon?
    29. Absurdism: How would you live if the quest for meaning was futile?

Different Questions According to Coaching Philosophy

What is your personal definition of the meaning of life according to your experiences? 
What truly matters to me?
What's my life's purpose?
What dreams do I fear pursuing?
What assumptions limit me?
What values define me?
What impact do I want to make?
What's one change that can transform my life?
What stops me from moving forward?
How can I be more present in my life?
What steps can I take today towards my goals?
How can I turn my failures into lessons?
Am I living in alignment with my values?
What's one fear I can confront today?
What does success look like to me?
What's one habit that can improve my life?
How can I create a more fulfilling life?
What can I let go of to grow?
What do I need to forgive in myself?
How can I better listen to my intuition?
Am I being true to myself?